![]() These pre and post-industrial changes impacted all of Western civilization because the Industrial Revolution hit all of these countries about the same way: Western Europe, United States, Canada, and later Japan and Australia. We'll talk more about women and work in Chapter 10. They'd rinse this and use it for hominy, or grind it up and make grits from it. The corn kernel shells would become loose and slip off after being soaked. They'd also take that lye water runoff and soak dried white corn in it. When it cooled, it was cut up and used as lye soap. She heated the animal fat and mixed it in the lye water from the can. After that she filtered water from the well through the ashes and collected the lye water runoff in a can. Then she burned twigs and small branches until a pile of ashes built up in the bottom of the bucket. She'd take a metal bucket and poke holes in the bottom of it. When I was a boy, she taught me how to make lye soap by saving the fat from animals they ate. She worked hard her entire life both in a cotton factory and at home raising her children, grand-children, and at times great grand-children. For example, my 93 year old Granny is an example of this. Hard work was the norm and still is today for most women. It is important to note the value of women's work before and after the Industrial Revolution. Eventually, standards of living increased and death rates declined. Families became smaller (less farm work required fewer children). Cities became larger and more diverse (heterogamy). Much was still done by families to develop their own home goods while many women and children also went to the factories to work. Women became the supervisors of homework. Men left their homes and became breadwinners earning money to buy many of the goods that used to be made by hand at home (or bartered for by trading one's own homemade goods with another's). There was a lower standard of living and because of poor sanitation people died earlier.Īfter the Industrial Revolution, farm work was replaced by factory work. Towns were small and very similar (homogamy) and families were large (more children=more workers). Prior to the Industrial Revolution, families lived on smaller farms and every able member of the family did work to support and sustain the family economy. Pre-Industrial and Post-Industrial Revolution Social Patterns Pre-Industrial Revolution Look at Table 1 below to see pre and post-Industrial Revolution social patterns and how different they were. The Industrial Revolution transformed society at every level. ![]() Western Europe was transformed by the Industrial Revolution, a technological development of knowledge and manufacturing that began in the late 1600s and continued until the early 1900s. Why did thinkers of the day find a need for a new science of sociology? Societies had change in unprecedented ways and had formed a new collection of social complexities that the world had never witnessed before. Her own work about society which first addressed this, Society In America has been scanned and is free (public domain) to read at SOURCE . She opposed oppression, especially of women and Black slaves in the US. Martineau held values that are common today but were way before her time. This expanded the interest in sociology to include English speakers. She literally clarified Comte's original writing as she condensed it into a concise English language version. His core work, "The Positive Philosophy of Auguste Comte" was translated by a British-born philosopher named Harriet Martineau (1802-1876). Positivism was Comte's way of describing the science needed for sociology to takes its place among the other scientific disciplines. Positivism is the objective and value-free observation, comparison, and experimentation applied to scientific inquiry. His life came in what he called the positivism stage (science-based). In his observation Comte believed that society's knowledge passed through 3 stages which he observed in France. He is considered the founder of sociology and coined "Sociology." Comte's Definition of Sociology is the science of society. Sociology began as an intellectual/philosophical effort by a French man named Auguste Comte (born 1798 and died 1857). Sociology is a relatively new discipline in comparison to chemistry, math, biology, philosophy and other disciplines that trace back thousands of years.
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